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data sheet april 2008 fw250a1 and FW300A1 power modules: dc-dc converters; 36 to 75 vdc i nput, 5 vdc output; 250 w to 300 w the fw250a1 and FW300A1 power modules use advanced, surface-mount technology and deliver high-quality, compact, dc-dc conversion at an economical price. applications n redundant and distributed power architectures n computer equipment n communications equipment options n heat sinks available for extended operation features n size: 61.0 mm x 116.8 mm x 13.5 mm (2.40 in. x 4.60 in. x 0.53 in.) n wide input voltage range n high efficiency: 84% typical n parallel operation with load sharing n output voltage set-po int adjustment (trim) n overtemperature protection n synchronization n power good signal n output current monitor n output overvoltage and overcurrent protection n remote sense n remote on/off n constant frequency n case ground pin n input-to-outpu t isolation n iso * 9001 certified ma nufacturing facilities n ul ? 1950 recognized, csa ? c22.2 no. 950-95 certified, and vde 0805 (en60950, iec950) licensed n ce mark meets 73/23/eec and 93/68/eec direc - tives description the fw250a1 and FW300A1 power modules are dc-dc converters that operate over an input voltage range of 36 vdc to 75 vdc and provide a precisely regulated dc output. the outputs are fully isolated from the inputs, allowing versatile polarity configurations and groundi ng connections. the modules have maximum power rat - ings from 250 w to 300 w at a typical full-load efficiency of 84%. two or more modules may be paralleled with forced load sharing for redundant or enhanced power applications. the package, which mounts on a printed-circuit boar d, accommodates a heat si nk for high-temperature applications. * iso is a registered trademark of the international organization for standardization. ? ul is a registered trademark of underwriters laboratories, inc. ? csa is a registered trademark of canadian standards assn. this product is intended for integration into end-use equipm ent. all the required procedures for ce marking of end-use equipme nt should be followed. (the ce mark is placed on selected products.)
2 lineage power data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters; 36 to 75 vdc i nput, 5 vdc output ; 250 w to 300 fw250a1 and FW300A1 power modules: absolute maximum ratings stresses in excess of the absolute maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to the device. these are abso - lute stress ratings only. functional operation of the device is not implied at these or any other conditions in excess of those given in the operations sections of the data sheet. exposure to absolute maximum ratings for extended periods can adversely af fect device reliability. parameter symbol min max unit input voltage: continuous transient (100 ms) v i v i, trans ? ? 80 100 vdc v i/o isolation voltage (for 1 minute) ? ? 1500 v operating case temperature (see thermal considerations section and figure 24 .) t c ?40 100 c storage temperature t stg ?55 125 c electrical specifications unless otherwise indicated, specifications apply over all operating in put voltage, resistive load, and temperature conditions. table 1 . input specifications parameter symbol min typ max unit operating input voltage v i 36 48 75 vdc maximum input current (v i = 0 v to 75 v): fw250a1 FW300A1 i i, max i i, max ? ? ? ? 10 12 a a inrush transient i 2 t ? ? 2.0 a 2 s input reflected-ripple current, peak-to-peak (5 hz to 20 mhz, 12 h source impedance; see figure 14 .) i i ? 10 ? map-p input ripple rejection (120 hz) ? ? 60 ? db fusing considerations caution: this power module is not internally fu sed. an input line fuse must always be used. this encapsulated power module can be used in a wide va riety of applications, ranging from simple stand-alone operation to an integrated pa rt of a sophisticated power ar chitecture. to preserve maxi mum flexibility, internal fus - ing is not included; however, to achieve maximum safety and system protection, always use an input line fuse. the safety agencies require a normal-blow fuse with a maximu m rating of 20 a (see safety considerations section). based on the information provided in this data sheet on inrush energy and maximum dc input current, the same type of fuse with a lower rating can be used. refer to the fu se manufacturer?s data for further information.
lineage power 3 data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters; 36 to 75 vdc i nput, 5 vdc output; 250 w to 300 fw250a1 and FW300A1 power modules: electrical specifications (continued) table 2 . output specifications parameter symbol min typ max unit output voltage set point (v i = 48 v; i o = i o, max ; t c = 25 c) v o, set 4.92 5.0 5.08 vdc output voltage (over all operating input voltage, resistive load, and temperature conditions until end of life; see figure 16 and feature descriptions.) v o 4.85 ? 5.15 vdc output regulation: line (v i = 36 v to 75 v) load (i o = i o, min to i o, max ) temperature (t c = ?40 c to +100 c) ? ? ? ? ? ? 0.01 0.05 15 0.1 0.2 50 %v o %v o mv output ripple and noise voltage (see figures 7 , 8 , and 15 .): rms peak-to-peak (5 hz to 20 mhz) ? ? ? ? ? ? 40 150 mvrms mvp-p external load capacitance ? 0 ? * f output current (at i o < i o, min , the modules may exceed output ripple specifications.): fw250a1 FW300A1 i o i o 0.5 0.5 ? ? 50 60 a a output current-limit inception (v o = 90% of v o, set ; see feature descriptions.) i o, cli 103 ? 130 ? %i o, max output short-circuit current (v o = 1.0 v; indefinite duration, no hiccup mode; see figures 3 and 4 .) ? ? ? 150 %i o, max efficiency (v i = 48 v; i o = i o, max ; t c = 25 c; see figures 5 , 6 , and 16 .): fw250a1 FW300A1 ? ? 84 84 ? ? % % switching frequency all ? 500 ? khz dynamic response (yi o /yt = 1 a/10 s, v i = 48 v, t c = 25 c; tested with a 10 f aluminum and a 1.0 f ceramic capacitor across the load; see figures 9 ? 12 .): load change from i o = 50% to 75% of i o, max : peak deviation settling time (v o < 10% of peak deviation) load change from i o = 50% to 25% of i o, max : peak deviation settling time (v o < 10% of peak deviation) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 150 200 150 200 ? ? ? ? mv s mv s * consult your sales representative or the factory. ? these are manufacturing test limits. in some situations, results may differ.
4 lineage power data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters; 36 to 75 vdc i nput, 5 vdc output ; 250 w to 300 fw250a1 and FW300A1 power modules: electrical specifications (continued) table 3 . isolation specifications parameter min typ max unit isolation capacitance ? 1700 ? pf isolation resistance 10 ? ? m? general specifications parameter min typ max unit calculated mtbf (i o = 80% of i o, max ; t c = 40 c) 1,700,000 hours weight ? ? 200 (7) g (oz.) feature specifications unless otherwise indicated, specifications apply over all operating in put voltage, resistive load, and temperature conditions. see feature descriptions for further information. table 4 . feature specifications parameter symbol min typ max unit remote on/off signal interface (v i = 0 v to 75 v; open collector or equivalent compatible; signal referenced to v i (?) terminal; see figure 17 and feature descriptions.): logic low?module on logic high?module off logic low: at i on/off = 1.0 ma at v on/off = 0.0 v logic high: at i on/off = 0.0 a leakage current turn-on time (i o = 80% of i o, max ; v o within 1% of steady state) output voltage overshoot v on/off i on/off v on/off i on/off ? ? 0 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 30 0 1.2 1.0 15 50 50 5 v ma v a ms %v o, set output voltage adjustment (see feature descriptions.): output voltage remote-sense range output voltage set-point adjustment range (trim) ? ? ? 60 ? ? 0.7 114 v %v o, nom output overvoltage protection ? 6.0* ? 7.0* v output current monitor (i o = i o, max , t c = 70 c) i o, mon ? 0.065 ? v/a * these are manufacturing test limits. in some situations, results may differ.
lineage power 5 data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters; 36 to 75 vdc i nput, 5 vdc output; 250 w to 300 fw250a1 and FW300A1 power modules: feature specifications table 4. feature specifications (continued) parameter symbol min typ max unit synchronization: clock amplitude clock pulse width fan-out capture frequency range ? ? ? ? 4.00 0.4 ? 425 ? ? ? ? 5.00 ? 1 575 v s ? khz overtemperature protection (see figure 24 .) t c ? 105 ? c forced load sharing accuracy ? ? 10 ? %i o, rated power good signal interface (see feature descriptions.): low impedance?module operating high impedance?module off r pwr/good i pwr/good r pwr/good v pwr/good ? ? 1 ? ? ? ? ? 100 1 ? 40 ? ma m? v solder, cleaning, and drying considerations post solder cleaning is usually the final circuit-board assembly process prior to electrical testing. the result of inad - equate circuit-board cleaning and drying can affect both the reliability of a power module and the testability of the finished circuit-board assembly. for guidance on appropriate soldering, cleaning, and drying procedures, refer to the board-mounted power modules soldering and cleaning application note (ap97-021eps).
6 6 lineage power data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters; 36 to 75 vdc input, 5 vdc output; 250 w to 300 w fw250a1 and FW300A1 power modules: characteristic curves the following ?ures provide typical characteristics for the power modules. 8-1747 (c) figure 1. typical fw250a1 input characteristics at room temperature 8-1748 (c) figure 2. typical FW300A1 input characteristics at room temperature 8-2041 (c) figure 3. typical fw250a1 output characteristics at room temperature 8-2042 (c) figure 4. typical FW300A1 output characteristics at room temperature 2 816 48 56 64 0 input voltage, v i (v) 3 5 1 10 0 32 40 24 4 122028 36 44 52 60 68 72 8 4 6 9 7 i o = 50 a i o = 25 a i o = 2.5 a input current, i i (a) 4 816 48 56 64 0 input voltage, v i (v) 8 2 12 0 32 40 24 4122028 36 44 52 60 68 72 6 input current, i i (a) 10 i o = 60 a i o = 30 a i o = 3 a 20 50 60 30 07 0 10 40 5 3.5 1 0.5 0 1.5 2 3 2.5 4 4.5 output current, i o (a) output voltage , v o (v) v i = 75 v v i = 54 v v i = 36 v 5 3.5 1 0.5 0 1.5 2 3 2.5 4 4.5 010 304050607080 20 output current, i o (a) o utput v o lta ge, v o ( v ) v i = 75 v v i = 54 v v i = 36 v
lineage power 7 data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters; 36 to 75 vdc input, 5 vdc output; 250 w to 300 w fw250a1 and FW300A1 power modules: characteristic curves (continued) 8-1749 (c) figure 5. typical fw250a1 ef?iency vs. output current at room temperature 8-1750 (c) figure 6. typical FW300A1 ef?iency vs. output current at room temperature 8-1751 (c).a note: see figure 15 for test conditions. figure 7. typical fw250a1 output ripple voltage at room temperature and 50 a output 8-1752 (c) note: see figure 15 for test conditions. figure 8. typical FW300A1 output ripple voltage at room temperature and 60 a output 79 75 83 output current, i o ( a ) 81 77 76 85 78 80 84 82 86 04 4 4 8 4 efficiency, h (%) 12 8 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 v i = 36 v v i = 54 v v i = 72 v 82 80 output current, i o (a) 83 85 81 0 61218 24 30 36 42 48 60 84 86 efficiency, (%) 54 75 76 77 78 79 v i = 72 v v i = 54 v v i = 36 v time, t (500 ns/div) output voltage, v o (v) (20 mv/div) v i = 48 v time, t (500 ns/div) output voltage, v o (v) (10 mv/div) v i = 48 v
8 8 lineage power data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters; 36 to 75 vdc input, 5 vdc output; 250 w to 300 w fw250a1 and FW300A1 power modules: characteristic curves (continued) 8-1753 (c) note: tested with a 10 ? aluminum and a 1.0 ? ceramic capacitor across the load. figure 9. typical fw250a1 transient response to step decrease in load from 50% to 25% of full load at room temperature and 48 v input (waveform averaged to eliminate ripple component.) 8-1755 (c) note: tested with a 10 ? aluminum and a 1.0 ? ceramic capacitor across the load. figure 10. typical fw250a1 transient response to step increase in load from 50% to 75% of full load at room temperature and 48 v input (waveform averaged to eliminate ripple component.) 8-1754 (c) note: tested with a 10 ? aluminum and a 1.0 ? ceramic capacitor across the load. figure 11. typical FW300A1 transient response to step decrease in load from 50% to 25% of full load at room temperature and 48 v input (waveform averaged to eliminate ripple component.) 8-1756 (c) note: tested with a 10 ? aluminum and a 1.0 ? ceramic capacitor across the load. figure 12. typical FW300A1 transient response to step increase in load from 50% to 75% of full load at room temperature and 48 v input (waveform averaged to eliminate ripple component.) time, t (200 ?/div) output voltage, v o (v) (50 mv/div) output current, i o (a) (1 a/div) 5 12.5 time, t (200 ?/div) output voltage, v o (v) (50 mv/div) output current, i o (a) (5 a/div) 25.0 5 time, t (200 ?/div) output voltage, v o (v) (50 mv/div) output current, i o (a) (5 a/div) 30 15 5 time, t (200 ?/div) output voltage, v o (v) (50 mv/div) output current, i o (a) (5 a/div) 45 30 5
lineage power 9 data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters; 36 to 75 vdc input, 5 vdc output; 250 w to 300 w fw250a1 and FW300A1 power modules: characteristic curves (continued) 8-1757 (c) note: tested with a 10 ? aluminum and a 1.0 ? ceramic capacitor across the load. figure 13. typical FW300A1 start-up transient at room temperature, 48 v input test con?urations 8-203 (c).o note: measure input re?cted-ripple current with a simulated source inductance (l test ) of 12 ?. capacitor c s offsets possible bat- tery impedance. measure current as shown above. figure 14. input re?cted-ripple test setup 8-513 (c).m note: use a 0.1 ? ceramic capacitor and a 10 ? aluminum or tantalum capacitor. scope measurement should be made using a bnc socket. position the load between 50 mm and 76 mm (2 in. and 3 in.) from the module. figure 15. peak-to-peak output noise measurement test setup 8-683 (c).f note: all measurements are taken at the module terminals. when socketing, place kelvin connections at module terminals to avoid measurement errors due to socket contact resistance. figure 16. output voltage and ef?iency measurement test setup design considerations input source impedance the power module should be connected to a low ac-impedance input source. highly inductive source impedances can affect the stability of the power mod- ule. for the test con?uration in figure 14, a 100 ? electrolytic capacitor (esr < 0.3 w at 100 khz) mounted close to the power module helps ensure sta- bility of the unit. for other highly inductive source impedances, consult the factory for further application guidelines. time, t (5 ms/div) output voltage, v o (v) (1 v/div) remote on/off, v on/off (v) to oscilloscope 12 ? v i (+) v i (? battery l test cs 220 ? esr < 0.1 w @ 20 c, 100 khz 100 ? esr < 0.3 w @ 100 khz v o (+) v o (? 1.0 ? resistive load scope copper strip 10.0 ? v i (? v o (+) sense(+) sense(? v o (? v i (+) i o load contact and distribution losses supply i i contact resistance h v o + () v o () [] i o v i + () v i () [] i i ------------------------------------------------- - ? ?? x 100 % =
10 10 lineage power data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters; 36 to 75 vdc input, 5 vdc output; 250 w to 300 w fw250a1 and FW300A1 power modules: safety considerations for safety-agency approval of the system in which the power module is used, the power module must be installed in compliance with the spacing and separation requirements of the end-use safety agency standard, i.e., ul 1950, csa c22.2 no. 950-95, and vde 0805 (en60950, iec950). if the input source is non-selv (elv or a hazardous voltage greater than 60 vdc and less than or equal to 75 vdc), for the modules output to be considered meet- ing the requirements of safety extra-low voltage (selv), all of the following must be true: n the input source is to be provided with reinforced insulation from any hazardous voltages, including the ac mains. n one v i pin and one v o pin are to be grounded or both the input and output pins are to be kept ?ating. n the input pins of the module are not operator acces- sible. n another selv reliability test is conducted on the whole system, as required by the safety agencies, on the combination of supply source and the subject module to verify that under a single fault, hazardous voltages do not appear at the modules output. note: do not ground either of the input pins of the module without grounding one of the output pins. this may allow a non-selv voltage to appear between the output pin and ground. the power module has extra-low voltage (elv) outputs when all inputs are elv. the input to these units is to be provided with a maxi- mum 20 a normal-blow fuse in the ungrounded lead. feature descriptions overcurrent protection to provide protection in a fault (output overload) condi- tion, the unit is equipped with internal current-limiting circuitry and can endure current limiting for an unlim- ited duration. at the point of current-limit inception, the unit shifts from voltage control to current control. if the output voltage is pulled very low during a severe fault, the current-limit circuit can exhibit either foldback or tailout characteristics (output-current decrease or increase). the unit operates normally once the output current is brought back into its speci?d range. remote on/off to turn the power module on and off, the user must supply a switch to control the voltage between the on/off terminal and the v i (? terminal (v on/off ). the switch can be an open collector or equivalent (see figure 17). a logic low is v on/off = 0 v to 1.2 v, during which the module is on. the maximum i on/off during a logic low is 1 ma. the switch should maintain a logic-low voltage while sinking 1 ma. during a logic high, the maximum v on/off generated by the power module is 15 v. the maximum allowable leakage current of the switch at v on/off = 15 v is 50 ?. if not using the remote on/off feature, short the on/off pin to v i (?. 8-580 (c).d figure 17. remote on/off implementation remote sense remote sense minimizes the effects of distribution losses by regulating the voltage at the remote-sense connections. the voltage between the remote-sense pins and the output terminals must not exceed the out- put voltage sense range given in the feature speci?a- tions table, i.e.: [v o (+) ?v o (?] ?[sense(+) ?sense(?] 0.7 v the voltage between the v o (+) and v o (? terminals must not exceed the minimum value indicated in the output overvoltage shutdown section of the feature speci?ations table. this limit includes any increase in voltage due to remote-sense compensation and output voltage set-point adjustment (trim), see figure 18. if not using the remote-sense feature to regulate the out- put at the point of load, connect sense(+) to v o (+) and sense(? to v o (? at the module. + i on/off v on/off case on/off v i (+) v i (? sense(+) sense(? v o (+) v o (?
lineage power 11 data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters; 36 to 75 vdc input, 5 vdc output; 250 w to 300 w fw250a1 and FW300A1 power modules: feature descriptions (continued) remote sense (continued) although the output voltage can be increased by both the remote sense and by the trim, the maximum increase for the output voltage is not the sum of both. the maximum increase is the larger of either the remote sense or the trim. consult the factory if you need to increase the output voltage more than the above limitation. the amount of power delivered by the module is de?ed as the voltage at the output terminals multiplied by the output current. when using remote sense and trim, the output voltage of the module can be increased, which at the same output current would increase the power output of the module. care should be taken to ensure that the maximum output power of the module remains at or below the maximum rated power. 8-651 (c).e figure 18. effective circuit con?uration for single-module remote-sense operation output voltage set-point adjustment (trim) output voltage trim allows the user to increase or decrease the output voltage set point of a module. this is accomplished by connecting an external resistor between the trim pin and either the sense(+) or sense(? pins. the trim resistor should be positioned close to the module. if not using the trim feature, leave the trim pin open. with an external resistor between the trim and sense(? pins (r adj-down ), the output voltage set point (v o, adj ) decreases (see figure 19). the following equa- tion determines the required external-resistor value to obtain a percentage output voltage change of d %. the test results for this con?uration are displayed in figure 20. this ?ure applies to all output voltages. with an external resistor connected between the trim and sense(+) pins (r adj-up ), the output voltage set point (v o, adj ) increases (see figure 21). the following equation determines the required exter- nal-resistor value to obtain a percentage output voltage change of d %. the test results for this con?uration are displayed in figure 22. the voltage between the v o (+) and v o (? terminals must not exceed the minimum value of the output over- voltage protection as indicated in the feature speci? cations table. this limit includes any increase in voltage due to remote-sense compensation and output voltage set-point adjustment (trim). see figure 18. although the output voltage can be increased by both the remote sense and by the trim, the maximum increase for the output voltage is not the sum of both. the maximum increase is the larger of either the remote sense or the trim. consult the factory if you need to increase the output voltage more than the above limitation. the amount of power delivered by the module is de?ed as the voltage at the output terminals multiplied by the output current. when using remote sense and trim, the output voltage of the module can be increased, which at the same output current would increase the power output of the module. care should be taken to ensure that the maximum output power of the module remains at or below the maximum rated power. 8-748 (c).b figure 19. circuit con?uration to decrease output voltage v o (+) sense(+) sense(? v o (? v i (+) v i (? i o load contact and distribution losses supply i i contact resistance r adj-down 205 d % --------- - 2.255 ? ?? k w = r adj-up v o, nom 1 d % 100 --------- - + () 1.225 () 1.225 d % () ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 205 2.255 ? ? ? ?? k w = v i (+) v i (? on/off case v o (+) v o (? sense(+) trim sense(? r adj-down r load
12 12 lineage power data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters; 36 to 75 vdc input, 5 vdc output; 250 w to 300 w fw250a1 and FW300A1 power modules: feature descriptions (continued) output voltage set-point adjustment (trim) (continued) 8-1171 (c).g figure 20. resistor selection for decreased output voltage 8-715 (c).b figure 21. circuit con?uration to increase output voltage 8-2095 (c) figure 22. resistor selection for increased output voltage output overvoltage protection the output voltage is monitored at the v o (+) and v o (? pins of the module. if the voltage at these pins exceeds the value indicated in the feature speci?ations table, the module will shut down and latch off. recovery from latched shutdown is accomplished by cycling the dc input power off for at least 1.0 second or toggling the primary referenced on/off signal for at least 1.0 second. output current monitor the current mon pin provides a dc voltage propor- tional to the dc output current of the module given in the feature speci?ations table. for example, on the fw250a1, the v/a ratio is set at 65 mv/a 10% @ 70 c case. at a full load current of 50 a, the voltage on the current mon pin is 3.25 v. the current monitor signal is referenced to the sense(? pin on the sec- ondary and is supplied from a source impedance of approximately 2 k w . it is recommended that the cur- rent mon pin be left open when not in use, although no damage will result if the current mon pin is shorted to secondary ground. directly driving the cur- rent mon pin with an external source will detrimen- tally affect operation of the module and should be avoided. 01 02 03 04 0 1m percent change in output voltage (d% ) 100k 10k 1k adjustment resistor value (w) v i (+) v i (? on/off case v o (+) v o (? sense(+) trim sense(? r adj-up r load 246 10k % change in output voltage ( d%) adjustment resistor value (w) 1m 1 0 0 100k 8
lineage power 13 data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters; 36 to 75 vdc input, 5 vdc output; 250 w to 300 w fw250a1 and FW300A1 power modules: feature descriptions (continued) synchronization any module can be synchronized to any other module or to an external clock using the sync in or sync out pins. the modules are not designed to operate in a master/slave con?uration; that is, if one module fails, the other modules will continue to operate. sync in pin this pin can be connected either to an external clock or directly to the sync out pin of another fw250x or fw300x module. if an external clock signal is applied to the sync in pin, the signal must be a 500 khz (?0 khz) square wave with a 4 vp-p amplitude. operation outside this frequency band will detrimentally affect the perfor- mance of the module and must be avoided. if the sync in pin is connected to the sync out pin of another module, the connection should be as direct as possible, and the v i (? pins of the modules must be shorted together. unused sync in pins should be tied to v i (?. if the sync in pin is unused, the module will operate from its own internal clock. sync out pin this pin contains a clock signal referenced to the v i (? pin. the frequency of this signal will equal either the mod- ules internal clock frequency or the frequency estab- lished by an external clock applied to the sync in pin. when synchronizing several modules together, the modules can be connected in a daisy-chain fashion where the sync out pin of one module is connected to the sync in pin of another module. each module in the chain will synchronize to the frequency of the ?st module in the chain. to avoid loading effects, ensure that the sync out pin of any one module is connected to the sync in pin of only one module. any number of modules can be synchronized in this daisy-chain fashion. overtemperature protection to provide protection in a fault condition, the unit is equipped with an overtemperature shutdown circuit. the shutdown circuit will not engage unless the unit is operated above the maximum case temperature. recovery from overtemperature shutdown is accomplished by cycling the dc input power off for at least 1.0 second or toggling the primary referenced on/off signal for at least 1.0 second. forced load sharing (parallel operation) for either redundant operation or additional power requirements, the power modules can be con?ured for parallel operation with forced load sharing (see figure 23). for a typical redundant con?uration, schottky diodes or an equivalent should be used to protect against short-circuit conditions. because of the remote sense, the forward-voltage drops across the schottky diodes do not affect the set point of the voltage applied to the load. for additional power requirements, where multiple units are used to develop combined power in excess of the rated maximum, the schottky diodes are not needed. good layout techniques should be observed for noise immunity. to implement forced load sharing, the follow- ing connections must be made: n the parallel pins of all units must be connected together. the paths of these connections should be as direct as possible. n all remote-sense pins should be connected to the power bus at the same point, i.e., connect all sense(+) pins to the (+) side of the power bus at the same point and all sense(? pins to the (? side of the power bus at the same point. close proximity and directness are necessary for good noise immunity. when not using the parallel feature, leave the parallel pin open.
14 14 lineage power data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters; 36 to 75 vdc input, 5 vdc output; 250 w to 300 w fw250a1 and FW300A1 power modules: feature descriptions (continued) forced load sharing (parallel operation) (continued) 8-581 (c) figure 23. wiring con?uration for redundant parallel operation power good signal the pwr good pin provides an open-drain signal (referenced to the sense(? pin) that indicates the operating state of the module. a low impedance (<100 w ) between pwr good and sense(? indi- cates that the module is operating. a high impedance (>1 m w ) between pwr good and sense(? indi- cates that the module is off or has failed. the pwr good pin can be pulled up through a resistor to an external voltage to facilitate sensing. this external volt- age level must not exceed 40 v, and the current into the pwr good pin during the low-impedance state should be limited to 1 ma maximum. thermal considerations introduction the power modules operate in a variety of thermal environments; however, suf?ient cooling should be provided to help ensure reliable operation of the unit. heat-dissipating components inside the unit are ther- mally coupled to the case. heat is removed by conduc- tion, convection, and radiation to the surrounding environment. proper cooling can be veri?d by mea- suring the case temperature. peak temperature occurs at the position indicated in figure 24. 8-1303 (c).a note: top view, measurements shown in millimeters and (inches). pin locations are for reference only. figure 24. case temperature measurement location the temperature at this location should not exceed 100 ?. the maximum case temperature can be limited to a lower value for extremely high reliability. the output power of the module should not exceed the rated power for the module as listed in the ordering information table. for additional information about these modules, refer to the thermal management for fc- and fw-series 250 w?00 w board-mounted power modules technical note (tn96-009eps). heat transfer without heat sinks derating curves for forced-air cooling without a heat sink are shown in figures 25 and 26. these curves can be used to determine the appropriate air?w for a given set of operating conditions. for example, if the unit with air?w along its length dissipates 20 w of heat, the correct air?w in a 40 ? environment is 1.0 m/s (200 ft./min.). v o (+) parallel sense(+) sense(? v o (? case v i (+) on/off v i (? v o (+) parallel sense(+) sense(? v o (? case v i (+) on/off v i (? 30.5 (1.20) 82.6 (3.25) case sync in v i (? v i (+) v o (+) v o (? sync out measure case temperature here on/off
lineage power 15 data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters; 36 to 75 vdc input, 5 vdc output; 250 w to 300 w fw250a1 and FW300A1 power modules: thermal considerations (continued) heat transfer without heat sinks (continued) 8-1315 (c) figure 25. convection power derating with no heat sink; air?w along width; transverse orientation 8-1314 (c) figure 26. convection power derating with no heat sink; air?w along length; longitudinal orientation heat transfer with heat sinks the power modules have through-threaded, m3 x 0.5 mounting holes, which enable heat sinks or cold plates to be attached to the module. the mounting torque must not exceed 0.56 n-m (5 in.-lb.). for the screw attachment from the pin side, the recommended hole size on the customers pwb around the mounting holes is 0.130 ?0.005 inches. if a larger hole is used, the mounting torque from the pin side must not exceed 0.25 n-m (2.2 in.-lb.). thermal derating with heat sinks is expressed by using the overall thermal resistance of the module. total mod- ule thermal resistance ( q ca) is de?ed as the maximum case temperature rise ( d t c, max ) divided by the module power dissipation (p d ): the location to measure case temperature (t c ) is shown in figure 24. case-to-ambient thermal resis- tance vs. air?w for various heat sink con?urations is shown in figure 27 and figure 28. these curves were obtained by experimental testing of heat sinks, which are offered in the product catalog. 8-1321 (c) figure 27. case-to-ambient thermal resistance curves; transverse orientation 0 10203040 100 0 40 60 70 local ambient temperature, t a (c) power dissipation, p d (w) 30 20 10 90 80706050 50 0.1 m/s (20 ft./min.) nat. conv. 4.0 m/s (800 ft./min.) 3.5 m/s (700 ft./min.) 3.0 m/s (600 ft./min.) 2.5 m/s (500 ft./min.) 2.0 m/s (400 ft./min.) 1.5 m/s (300 ft./min.) 1.0 m/s (200 ft./min.) 0.5 m/s (100 ft./min.) 0 10203040 100 0 40 60 70 local ambient temperature, t a (c) power dissipation, p d (w) 30 20 10 90 80706050 50 4.0 m/s (800 ft./min.) 3.5 m/s (700 ft./min.) 3.0 m/s (600 ft./min.) 2.5 m/s (500 ft./min.) 2.0 m/s (400 ft./min.) 1.5 m/s (300 ft./min.) 1.0 m/s (200 ft./min.) 0.5 m/s (100 ft./min.) 0.1 m/s (20 ft./min.) nat. conv. q ca d t c max , p d -------------------- - t c t a () p d ------------------------ == 0.0 0.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 2.5 2.0 1.0 1 1/2 in. heat sink 1 in. heat sink 1/2 in. heat sink 1/4 in. heat sink no heat sink 1.5 air velocity, m/s (ft./min.) 0 0.5 (100) 1.0 (200) 1.5 (300) 2.0 (400) 2.5 (500) 3.0 (600) case-to-ambient thermal resistance, q ca (c/w)
16 16 lineage power data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters; 36 to 75 vdc input, 5 vdc output; 250 w to 300 w fw250a1 and FW300A1 power modules: thermal considerations (continued) heat transfer with heat sinks (continued) 8-1320 (c) figure 28. case-to-ambient thermal resistance curves; longitudinal orientation these measured resistances are from heat transfer from the sides and bottom of the module as well as the top side with the attached heat sink; therefore, the case-to-ambient thermal resistances shown are gener- ally lower than the resistance of the heat sink by itself. the module used to collect the data in figures 27 and 28 had a thermal-conductive dry pad between the case and the heat sink to minimize contact resistance. to choose a heat sink, determine the power dissipated as heat by the unit for the particular application. figures 29 and 30 show typical heat dissipation for a range of output currents and three voltages for the fw250a1 and FW300A1. 8-1758 (c) figure 29. fw250a1 power dissipation vs. output current at 25 c 8-1759 (c) figure 30. FW300A1 power dissipation vs. output current at 25 c 0 0.5 (100) 1.0 (200) 1.5 (300) 2.0 (400) 2.5 (500) 3.0 (600) 0.0 0.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 2.5 2.0 1.0 1 1/2 in. heat sink 1 in. heat sink 1/2 in. heat sink 1/4 in. heat sink no heat sink case-to-ambient thermal resistance, q ca (c/w) 1.5 air velocity, m/s (ft./min.) 20 0 output current, i o ( a ) 30 10 5 40 15 25 45 35 50 04 4 4 8 4 12 8 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 v i = 72 v v i = 54 v v i = 36 v power dissipation, p d (w) 20 0 40 60 70 10 30 50 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 output current, i o ( a ) v i = 36 v v i = 72 v v i = 54 v power dissipation, p d (w)
lineage power 17 data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters; 36 to 75 vdc input, 5 vdc output; 250 w to 300 w fw250a1 and FW300A1 power modules: thermal considerations (continued) heat transfer with heat sinks (continued) example if an 85 ? case temperature is desired, what is the minimum air?w necessary? assume the fw250a1 module is operating at v i = 54 v and an output current of 50 a, maximum ambient air temperature of 40 ?, and the heat sink is 1 inch. solution given: v i = 54 v i o = 50 a t a = 40 ? t c = 85 ? heat sink = 1 inch determine p d by using figure 29: p d = 48 w then solve the following equation: use figures 27 and 28 to determine air velocity for the 1 inch heat sink. the minimum air?w necessary for the fw250a1 module depends on heat sink ? orienta- tion and is shown below: n 1.45 m/s (290 ft./min.) (oriented along width) n 1.85 m/s (370 ft./min.) (oriented along length) custom heat sinks a more detailed model can be used to determine the required thermal resistance of a heat sink to provide necessary cooling. the total module resistance can be separated into a resistance from case-to-sink ( q cs) and sink-to-ambient ( q sa) as shown in figure 31. 8-1304(c) figure 31. resistance from case-to-sink and sink- to-ambient for a managed interface using thermal grease or foils, a value of q cs = 0.1 ?/w to 0.3 ?/w is typical. the solution for heat sink resistance is: this equation assumes that all dissipated power must be shed by the heat sink. depending on the user- de?ed application environment, a more accurate model, including heat transfer from the sides and bot- tom of the module, can be used. this equation provides a conservative estimate for such instances. emc considerations for assistance with designing for emc compliance, please refer to the fltr100v10 data sheet (ds99-294eps). layout considerations copper paths must not be routed beneath the power module mounting inserts. for additional layout guide- lines, refer to the fltr100v10 data sheet (ds99-294eps). q ca t c t a () p d ------------------------ = q ca 85 40 () 48 ----------------------- - = q ca 0.94 ?/w = p d t c t s t a cs sa q sa t c t a () p d ------------------------ - q cs =
18 lineage power data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters; 36 to 75 vdc input, 5 vdc output; 250 w to 300 w fw250a1 and FW300A1 power modules: outline diagram dimensions are in millimeters and (inches). tolerances: x.x mm ?0.5 mm (x.xx in. ?0.02 in.), x.xx mm ?0.25 mm (x.xxx in. ?0.010 in.) 8-1650 (c) * side label includes lineage name, product designation, safety agency markings, input/output voltage and current ratings, and bar code. top view side view bottom view case sync in on/off v i v i + 2.54 (0.100) typ v o v o + sync out sense sense+ trim parallel current mon pwr good 5.1 (0.20) 50.8 (2.00) 30.48 (1.200) 22.86 (0.900) 12.7 (0.50) 5.08 (0.200) 10.16 (0.400) 15.24 (0.600) 20.32 (0.800) 25.40 (1.000) 30.48 (1.200) 35.56 (1.400) 66.04 (2.600) mounting inserts m3 x 0.5 through, 4 places 5.1 (0.20) 2.54 (0.100) typ 106.68 (4.200) 7.62 (0.300) 17.78 (0.700) 12.70 (0.500) 13.5 (0.53) 5.1 (0.20) min 1.57 0.05 (0.062 0.002) dia solder-plated brass, 11 places (vout? vout+, vin? vin+) 1.02 0.05 (0.040 0.002) dia solder-plated brass, 9 places side label* 116.8 (4.60) 61.0 (2.40)
lineage power 19 data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters; 36 to 75 vdc input, 5 vdc output; 250 w to 300 w fw250a1 and FW300A1 power modules: recommended hole pattern component-side footprint. dimensions are in millimeters and (inches). 8-1650 (c) ordering information table 5. device codes input voltage output voltage output power device code comcode 48 v 5 v 250 w fw250a1 107356735 48 v 5 v 300 w FW300A1 107253155 5.1 (0.20) 10.16 (0.400) mounting inserts 5.1 (0.20) 2.54 (0.100) typ 2.54 (0.100) typ 5.08 (0.200) 15.24 (0.600) 20.32 (0.800) 25.40 (1.000) 30.48 (1.200) 35.56 (1.400) 106.68 (4.200) 66.04 (2.600) 50.8 (2.00) 30.48 (1.200) 22.86 (0.900) 17.78 (0.700) 12.70 (0.500) 12.7 (0.50) 7.62 (0.300) case sync in on/off v i v i + v o v o + sense sense+ trim parallel current mon pwr good sync out 7.62 (0.300) 7.62 (0.300)
data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters; 36 to 75 vdc i nput, 5 vdc output ; 250 w to 300 fw250a1 and FW300A1 power modules: april 2008 ds99-3 18eps (replaces ds99-317eps) world wide headquarters lin eag e po wer co rp or atio n 30 00 skyline drive, mesquite, tx 75149, usa +1-800-526-7819 (outside u.s.a.: +1- 97 2-2 84 -2626 ) www.line ag ep ower .co m e-m ail: tech sup port1@ lin ea gep ower .co m asia-pacific headquart ers tel: +65 6 41 6 4283 eu ro pe, m id dle-east an d afr ic a he ad qu arter s tel: +49 8 9 6089 286 india headquarters tel: +91 8 0 28411633 lineage power reserves the right to make changes to the product(s) or information contained herein without notice. no liability is assumed as a result of their use or application. no rights under any patent accompany the sale of any such product(s) or information. ? 2008 lineage power corporation, (mesquite, texas) all international rights reserved. ordering information (continued) table 6 . device accessories accessory comcode 1/4 in. transverse kit (heat sink, thermal pad, and screws) 847308335 1/4 in. longitudinal kit (heat sink, thermal pad, and screws) 847308327 1/2 in. transverse kit (heat sink, thermal pad, and screws) 847308350 1/2 in. longitudinal kit (heat sink, thermal pad, and screws) 847308343 1 in. transverse kit (heat sink, thermal pad, and screws) 847308376 1 in. longitudinal kit (heat sink, thermal pad, and screws) 847308368 1 1/2 in. transverse kit (heat sink, thermal pad, and screws) 847308392 1 1/2 in. longitudinal kit (heat sink, thermal pad, and screws) 847308384 dimension are in millimeters and (inches). 1/4 in. 1/2 in. 1 in. 1 1/2 in. 60.45 (2.38) 115.82 (4.56) 8-2830 (c) figure 32. longitudinal heat sink 1/4 in. 1/2 in. 1 in. 1 1/2 in. 59.94 (2.36) 115.82 (4.56) 8-2831 (c) figure 33. transverse heat sink

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